Did you know that red wine has health benefits? When consumed in moderation, it can contribute to cardiovascular health, reduce inflammation, improve mental health, and promote longevity. Additionally, its flavor is delicious and ideal for accompanying special occasions.
At Excellent Cork, as specialists in wine and synthetic corks, we bring you the following article where we will explore the types of red wine and their different characteristics.
What defines a red wine?
Have you ever wondered what makes a wine red? It may sound like a play on words, but it’s simple. There are several types of red wine first defined by their ingredients.
It is made from red or black grapes, which have skins containing anthocyanins, the compounds responsible for the red or purple color of red wine.
Its fermentation process with skins and aging also determine its color, flavor, aroma, and structure. Another factor is the grape variety, the winemaking method, and the aging time, all of which contribute to the unique characteristics of each wine.
A brief history of red wine
Red wine is one of the oldest beverages. Since ancient times, the Egyptians have cultivated vineyards and produced wine, with evidence of its consumption found in tombs and monuments.
Similarly, the Greeks and Romans began cultivating vines and developing winemaking techniques, and wine became an integral part of their culture. In the Middle Ages, monasteries became centers of wine production and the foundation for modern grape varieties.
In the 19th century, red wine began to gain worldwide recognition with the expansion of the wine industry in regions like Bordeaux and Burgundy in France. Today, the globalization of knowledge has led to an increase in the quality and diversity of red wine, with non-traditional regions like the United States, Australia, and South America emerging as important red wine producers, and the global market continues to expand.
Main types of red wine
Now that you know a bit about the history of red wine, it’s time to explore the variety of red wines that exist, each with unique characteristics in terms of flavor, body, and winemaking process. Here are some of the main types of red wine.
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon is the most widely planted type of grape for making red wine in the world. Originating from the Bordeaux region in France, this wine is known for its bold flavor profile with notes of blackcurrant, cassis, and blackberry, as well as its intense structure and marked tannins. Wines of this variety may show oak influences, with flavors of vanilla, cedar, and spices.
Merlot
Merlot is known for its smoothness and fruity flavor. It shares a leading role in Bordeaux blends with Cabernet Sauvignon but offers a softer flavor profile and a velvety texture. Its flavors include red plum, dark berries, and vanilla, with a softer finish compared to Cabernet Sauvignon.
Pinot Noir
Pinot Noir is the type of red wine preferred by lovers of light to medium-bodied wines. Originally from the Burgundy region in France, this wine is prized for its elegance and complexity. It has high acidity and silky tannins, with bright notes of red berries, cherry, and a touch of earth and spices. It is an excellent choice for those who prefer a lighter, more delicate wine.
Syrah/Shiraz
Syrah, known as Shiraz in Australia, is famous for its intense flavors of black fruits, spices, and sometimes notes of chocolate or black pepper. In the Rhône Valley in France, Syrah shows savory qualities with notes of berries, black olives, and cured meats. In warmer climates like the Barossa Valley in Australia, Shiraz can be fruitier with prominent tannins.
Tempranillo
Tempranillo is one of the most prominent types of Spanish red wines, known for its flavors of red fruits, tobacco, leather, and spices. Depending on its aging, it can range from young and fresh wines to more complex and mature options, typical of regions like Rioja and Ribera del Duero.
Malbec
Malbec is known for its deep color and flavors of black fruits, spices, and occasionally chocolate notes. Originally from France but widely grown in Argentina, it offers soft tannins and a body that ranges from medium to full, making it a popular choice for its accessibility and richness of flavor.
Exploring these types of red wine will allow you to appreciate the rich variety of red wines and find the style that best suits your palate. Each type of red grape brings a unique character, making the red wine experience a fascinating and diverse adventure.
Classification of red wines by grape variety
Red wines can be classified according to the type of grape used in their production. Each grape variety has unique characteristics that influence the flavor profile, body, and structure.
Most common types of grapes for red wines
Here is a list of some of the types of grapes used to make red wine, each with distinctive characteristics that contribute to the diversity and richness of these wines:
- Zinfandel: usually full-bodied with flavors of dark fruits, spices, and sometimes notes of black pepper and jam. It can be both robust and fruity.
- Sangiovese: an Italian variety that offers a flavor profile with notes of cherry, dried herbs, and earthy touches. It can be light or medium-bodied.
- Grenache (Garnacha): fruity and spicy, with flavors of red fruits like strawberry and cherry, often with notes of spices and herbs. Its body can range from light to medium.
- Barbera: an Italian variety known for its high acidity and flavors of cherry, plum, and spices. It is usually lighter than other red wines and has a fresh, fruity profile.
Benefits and properties of red wine
Red wine has been associated with several health benefits when consumed in moderation, mainly due to the bioactive compounds present in red grapes, as well as the winemaking process. Here are some of them:
- Weight Control Studies suggest that resveratrol, an antioxidant found in red wine, may help convert white fat into brown fat, which is easier for the body to burn. This process could contribute to weight control and the prevention of obesity.
- Cardiovascular Health Moderate consumption of red wine is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. Polyphenols, especially resveratrol, can improve blood vessel function and reduce the risk of inflammation and clotting, protecting the heart.
- Anti-inflammatory Properties The antioxidants in red wine, such as flavonoids and resveratrol, have anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds can reduce chronic inflammation, which is a risk factor for many degenerative diseases.
- Cognitive Health Resveratrol has also been shown to have beneficial effects on brain health. It can improve memory and delay age-related cognitive decline by reducing inflammation and oxidative damage in the brain.
- Digestive Health Red wine contains natural probiotics that can improve digestive health by balancing gut microbiota. Additionally, it may help reduce the risk of intestinal infections and inflammatory bowel diseases.
- Skin Benefits The antioxidants present in red wine also benefit the skin. They can protect against damage caused by free radicals, slowing down skin aging and improving its overall appearance. Some studies suggest that resveratrol may help reduce spots and wrinkles.
- Blood Sugar Control Moderate consumption of red wine can improve insulin sensitivity, which helps regulate blood sugar levels. This is particularly beneficial for people with type 2 diabetes or those at risk of developing it.
But remember, everything in moderation! Drinking wine in excess can also cause side effects.
Frequently asked questions about types of red wine
Want to know more? Keep reading!
What is the most popular red wine?
Cabernet Sauvignon is a classic among red wines. This French variety became famous through Bordeaux wines.
Today, Cabernet Sauvignon is grown all over the world, even in places where you wouldn’t expect it, like Lebanon or China!
What is the difference between a dry red wine and a sweet one?
The difference between a dry red wine and a sweet one is based on the residual sugar content, the winemaking process, and the resulting flavor profile.
Dry wines have less sugar and a more complex, less sweet flavor profile, while sweet wines have a higher residual sugar content and a more pronounced sweetness.
How to properly store red wine?
Red wine should be stored at a constant, cool temperature, ideally between 12°C and 18°C. Sudden temperature fluctuations should also be avoided as they can affect the quality of the wine.
Additionally, the position of the bottle is key; they should be stored horizontally to keep the cork in contact with the wine, preventing oxidation. Refrigerating opened wines and monitoring the condition of the cork are also factors to consider.
What is the best red wine to pair with meat?
Full-bodied wines with robust tannins like Cabernet Sauvignon and Malbec are ideal for red meats, while lighter options like Pinot Noir and Merlot are suitable for lighter meats.
In the end, the best pairing is the one you enjoy most, so don’t hesitate to experiment with different combinations to find your favorites.
